The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem, worldwide, that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on markers of glycemic status in patients with T2DM, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of nettle on some glycemic parameters in patients with T2DM. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from database inception up to June 2019, to identify RCTs investigating the effect of nettle supplementation on glycemic markers, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index, and glycosylated hemoglobin percentage in adults with T2DM. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results of this meta‐analysis were reported based on the random effects model. Eight RCTs, comprising 401 participants, were included in the present systematic review and meta‐analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool, five studies were considered as good quality, one was fair, and two studies were poor, respectively. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction in FBS concentrations (weighted mean difference [WMD]: ?18.01 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?30.04 to ?5.97, p < .001, I² = 94.6%) following nettle supplementation. However, no significant reduction was observed in insulin levels (WMD: 0.83 Hedges' g, 95% CI: ?0.26 to 1.92, p = .13, I² = 89.4%), homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index (WMD: ?0.22, 95% CI: ?0.83 to 0.40, p = .49, I² = 69.2%), or glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (WMD: ?0.77%, 95% CI: ?1.77 to 0.22, p = .12, I² = 83.0%). The findings of the present study suggest that nettle supplementation may be effective in controlling FBS for T2DM patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm the veracity of these results.     

自噬在前列腺癌发生发展和治疗中的研究进展

自噬是真核细胞通过溶酶体对其自身生物大分子和细胞器回收再利用的过程，其在维持细胞稳态中发挥重要作用，并参与多种病理生理过程。在肿瘤的发病过程中，自噬发挥“双面作用”，既可以抗癌也能促癌。前列腺癌是老年男性最常见的恶性肿瘤，研究表明前列腺癌的发生发展与自噬作用密切相关，放化疗、内分泌治疗等对肿瘤细胞造成的应激可通过自噬得以缓解，抵抗治疗，因而自噬抑制剂对于放化疗等具有协同促进作用。本文就自噬在前列腺癌中发病和治疗进行综述，以期为前列腺癌的诊治提供一些新的思路。     

64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果。方法:采用回顾性、总结性研究方法，选择2014年6月到2018年2月在我院经手术病理证实的腹部来源不明肿瘤患者122例，术中病理诊断为良性肿瘤42例(良性组)和恶性肿瘤80例(恶性组)，所有患者都给予64层螺旋CT三维扫描与重建，记录影像学特征，判断诊断效果。结果:良性组与恶性组的CT图像质量主观评分分别为(3.89±0.45)分和(4.54±0.34)分，对比差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。恶性组平扫期、动脉期、门脉期的CT值都显著高于良性组(P＜0.05)。在122例患者中，以CPR/MPR/VR/MIP显示肿瘤供血动脉100例，占比82.0%。恶性组中79例中显示供血动脉，良性肿瘤中21例显示供血动脉，对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。CT判断恶性肿瘤79例，良性肿瘤43例，对腹部来源不明肿瘤的诊断敏感性与特异性分别为98.8%和100.0%。结论:腹部肿瘤来源不同，特别增大时诊断困难；64层螺旋CT三维成像可立体、直观地显示肿瘤形态及与周围器官的关系，而且可以显示肿瘤血供，为手术提供可靠依据。     

乳腺癌相关microRNA的研究进展

乳腺癌作为一种复杂的、表型多样性的遗传性疾病，涉及基因表达和各种结构的变化。如何早期诊断乳腺癌，降低乳腺癌发病率、死亡率一直是大众关注的焦点。微小RNA（microRNA）是一类内源性非编码单链RNA，广泛参与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等生理过程，并与乳腺癌患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移等相关。现就microRNA在乳腺癌发生、发展过程中的作用，及其在该病诊疗过程中的应用作一综述，以期为乳腺癌的进一步研究提供新的思路。     

The impact of PTEN deletion and ERG rearrangement on recurrence after treatment for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical and Translational Oncology - The specific association between PTEN deletion or ERG rearrangement and the recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or...     

益气活血通络方下调TGF-β/ERK信号通路对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠的神经保护作用

目的探讨益气活血通络方对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠TGF-β/ERK信号通路的影响及神经保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,益气活血通络方5、10、15 g/kg组和尼莫地平组,除假手术组外,其余各组建立蛛网膜下腔出血模型大鼠,分组处理后,各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分;以伊文思蓝染料外渗实验检测大鼠血脑屏障通透性;以TUNEL染色检测大鼠脑皮质神经细胞凋亡情况;以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;以蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠脑皮质组织TGF-β/ERK通路相关蛋白TGF-β1、p-ERK/ERK表达情况。结果与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、伊文思蓝渗出量、TUNEL阳性细胞比例、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平、TGF-β1表达、p-ERK/ERK明显升高(P0.05)。与模型组相比,益气活血通络方5、10、15 g/kg组和尼莫地平组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、伊文思蓝渗出量、TUNEL阳性细胞比例、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平、TGF-β1表达和p-ERK/ERK水平明显降低(P0.05),且益气活血通络方各组呈剂量相关性,益气活血通络方15 g/kg组与尼莫地平组相比,各指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论益气活血通络方可下调TGF-β/ERK信号,保护蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠神经功能。     

丙戊酸钠通过EGFR下调CD44表达抑制胶质瘤细胞生长

目的:探讨丙戊酸钠通过抑制A172胶质瘤细胞表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）的活化，下调CD44表达，进而调节细胞生长的机制。方法:实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测A172胶质瘤细胞中CD44以及siRNA下调CD44表达的情况，MTT检测CD44和丙戊酸钠对细胞生长的影响，Western blot检测丙戊酸钠对细胞中p-EGFR、EGFR和CD44表达影响。结果:丙戊酸钠抑制A172胶质瘤细胞生长，并具有浓度依赖性。A172胶质瘤细胞表达CD44，siRNA下调CD44表达后，细胞生长较正常组显著减缓。活化EGFR促进A172胶质瘤CD44蛋白表达，而EGFR的抑制剂Lapatinib可显著抑制上述效应。丙戊酸钠抑制EGFR磷酸化，下调CD44蛋白表达。结论:丙戊酸钠抑制A172胶质瘤细胞的生长。抑制A172胶质瘤细胞中EGFR的活化，下调CD44的表达，是丙戊酸钠抑制胶质瘤细胞生长的其中一个机制。     

局部晚期食管鳞癌新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解关系分析

目的 探讨接受新辅助放化疗的局部晚期食管鳞癌患者新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解(pCR)的关系。方法 收集2017-2019年间在四川大学华西医院肿瘤中心经病理确诊为食管鳞癌并接受新辅助放化疗和手术的 116例局部晚期患者临床资料。116例患者中 40~45Gy组 80例,≥45Gy组 36例,分析两组术后pCR率。结果 全组患者的pCR率为38.8%(45/116),40~45Gy组与≥45Gy组的pCR率分别为44%(35/80)和28%(10/36)(P=0.105)。结论 术前新辅助采用较高的放疗剂量不增加局部晚期食管鳞癌的pCR率,有必要进行前瞻性的临床研究确定合适的新辅助放疗剂量。